Core Builtins Reference

All builtins support multilingual names — see Builtin Aliases for the full international lookup table.

Every alias listed in the 5-language tables below is accepted by the interpreter, the lexer/parser, and the lingfu normalize command, so an English program normalized to any of these languages runs unchanged. The interpreter accepts the union of every alias, so you can mix languages in one file.

Output · Core

EN	🇨🇳 ZH	🇯🇵 JA	🇰🇷 KO	🇹🇭 TH	Description
`print` / `println`	`印` / `打印`	`印刷`	`출력`	`พิมพ์`	Print value(s) to stdout
`format`	`格式`	`フォーマット`	`서식`	`รูปแบบ`	Format string with args
`ok`	`好`	`良し`	`좋아`	`โอเค`	Wrap value as `Ok`
`bad` / `err`	`坏`	`悪い`	`나쁨`	`ผิด`	Wrap value as `Err`
`sleep`	`睡眠`	`眠る` / `スリープ`	`잠자기` / `잠`	`หยุด` / `นอน`	Sleep for N ms

Math

All math args and results are f64. Angles are in radians.

EN	🇨🇳 ZH	🇯🇵 JA	🇰🇷 KO	🇹🇭 TH	Description
`sin`	`正弦`	`サイン`	`사인`	`ไซน์`	Sine
`cos`	`余弦`	`コサイン`	`코사인`	`โคไซน์`	Cosine
`tan`	`正切`	`タンジェント`	`탄젠트`	`แทนเจนต์`	Tangent
`asin`	`反正弦`	`アークサイン`	`아크사인`	`อาร์กไซน์`	Arcsine
`acos`	`反余弦`	`アークコサイン`	`아크코사인`	`อาร์กโคไซน์`	Arccosine
`atan`	`反正切`	`アークタンジェント`	`아크탄젠트`	`อาร์กแทนเจนต์`	Arctangent
`atan2`	`反正切2`	`アークタンジェント2`	`아크탄젠트2`	—	Two-arg arctangent
`tanh`	`双曲正切`	`双曲線正接`	`쌍곡탄젠트`	—	Hyperbolic tangent
`sqrt`	`平方根` / `根`	`平方根`	`제곱근`	`รากที่สอง`	Square root
`cbrt`	`立方根`	`立方根`	`세제곱근`	`รากที่สาม`	Cube root
`pow`	`幂`	`べき乗`	`거듭제곱`	`ยกกำลัง`	x raised to y
`exp`	`指数`	`指数関数`	`지수`	—	e^x
`hypot`	`斜边`	`斜辺`	`빗변`	—	√(x²+y²)
`ln` / `log`	`对数`	`対数`	`로그`	`ลอการิทึม`	Natural log
`log2` / `log10`	`对数2` / `对数10`	`対数2` / `対数10`	`로그2` / `로그10`	—	Base-2 / base-10 log
`abs`	`绝对值` / `绝对`	`絶対値`	`절댓값` / `절대값`	`ค่าสัมบูรณ์`	Absolute value
`floor`	`向下取整` / `下整`	`床関数`	`내림`	`ปัดลง`	Round down
`ceil`	`向上取整` / `上整`	`天井関数`	`올림`	`ปัดขึ้น`	Round up
`round`	`四舍五入` / `四舍`	`四捨五入`	`반올림`	`ปัดเศษ`	Round to nearest
`trunc` / `int`	`取整` / `整数`	`整数化` / `切り捨て`	`정수화` / `정수`	`ตัดทศนิยม`	Truncate toward zero
`fract`	`小数部分`	`小数部`	`소수부`	—	Fractional part
`min`	`最小`	`最小`	`최솟값`	`ต่ำสุด`	Minimum of two
`max`	`最大`	`最大`	`최댓값`	`สูงสุด`	Maximum of two
`clamp`	`截取`	`範囲制限`	`범위제한`	`จำกัด`	Clamp to `[lo, hi]`
`pi`	`圆周率`	`円周率`	`파이`	`พาย`	π constant
`tau`	`双周率`	`タウ`	`타우`	`ทาว`	τ constant (2π)

Cells marked — have no native alias in that language yet (English still works everywhere). Filling these is tracked in TODO.md.

Lists

EN	🇨🇳 ZH	🇯🇵 JA	🇰🇷 KO	🇹🇭 TH	Description
`list_new`	`新建列表`	`新規リスト`	`새목록`	`รายการใหม่`	Create empty list
`list_push`	`列表添加`	`リスト追加`	`목록추가`	`เพิ่มรายการ`	Append value, return new list
`list_get`	`取元素`	`要素取得`	`요소가져오기`	`รับรายการ`	Get element at index
`list_join` / `join`	`连接`	`連結`	`연결`	`รวมรายการ`	Join list into a string
`len` / `str_len`	`长度`	`長さ`	`길이`	`ความยาว`	Length of list or string

Strings

Function	Description
`str_len(s)`	Length in characters
`str_concat(a, b)`	Concatenate strings
`str_slice(s, start, end)`	Substring
`str_to_num(s)`	Parse as number
`num_to_str(n)`	Number to string
`str_contains(s, sub)`	Substring test

Type checks

Function	Returns
`is_num(v)`	true if number
`is_str(v)`	true if string
`is_list(v)`	true if list
`is_bool(v)`	true if boolean

Window & display

See Window & Camera reference.

Vector geometry

See vtex reference.

Pixel textures

See tex reference.

Audio

See Audio reference.

Cryptography & Physics

ling-crypto (Blake3, SHA-3, AES-GCM-256, XChaCha20, Ed25519, X25519, Shamir, Schnorr, VRF …) and ling-physics (vectors, rigid bodies, forces, hyperbolic geometry) are exposed as Rust crate APIs, not yet as .ling builtins — call them from Rust, or via a host that embeds the interpreter. Coverage is verified by the crate test suites (crates/ling-crypto/tests, crates/ling-physics/tests). Wiring them in as multilingual builtins is tracked in TODO.md.

FFT (native only, no-op on WASM)

Function	Description
`fft_push(samples)`	Feed list of f32 samples to analyzer
`fft_bands(n)`	Return n log-spaced magnitude bands (0..1)
`fft_beat()`	true if current frame energy exceeds average
`fft_beat_ratio()`	energy ratio (1.0 = threshold)
`fft_rms()`	RMS level of current window
`fft_dominant_freq()`	Peak frequency in Hz

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Ling Language Reference